Psalm: Difference between revisions
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[[Psalm_1|1]] ''Beatus vir, qui non abiit'' | ! Vulgate numbering. | ||
[[Psalm_2|2]] ''Quare fremuerunt gentes''<br> | ! Incipit | ||
[[Psalm_3|3]] ''Domine, quid multiplicati?'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_4|4]] ''Cum invocarum'' | |[[Psalm_1|1]] | ||
[[Psalm_5|5]] ''Verba mea auribus'' | |''Beatus vir, qui non abiit'' | ||
[[Psalm_6|6]] ''Domine, ne in furore'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_7|7]] ''Domine, Deus meus'' | |[[Psalm_2|2]] | ||
[[Psalm_8|8]] ''Domine, Dominus noster'' | |''Quare fremuerunt gentes''<br> | ||
[[Psalm_9|9]] ''Confitebor tibi'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_11|10]] ''In Domino confido'' | |[[Psalm_3|3]] | ||
[[Psalm_12|11]] ''Salvum me fac'' | |''Domine, quid multiplicati?'' | ||
[[Psalm_13|12]] ''Usque quo, Domine?'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_14|13]] ''Dixit insipiens'' | |[[Psalm_4|4]] | ||
[[Psalm_15|14]] ''Domine, quis habitat?'' | | ''Cum invocarum'' | ||
[[Psalm_16|15]] ''Conserva me, Domine'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_17|16]] ''Exaudi, Domine'' | |[[Psalm_5|5]] | ||
[[Psalm_18|17]] ''Diligam te, Domine'' | |''Verba mea auribus'' | ||
[[Psalm_19|18]] ''Caeli enarrant'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_20|19]] ''Exaudiat te Dominus'' | |[[Psalm_6|6]] | ||
[[Psalm_21|20]] ''Domine, in virtute tua'' | |''Domine, ne in furore'' | ||
[[Psalm_22|21]] ''Deus, Deus meus'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_23|22]] ''Dominus regit me'' | |[[Psalm_7|7]] | ||
[[Psalm_24|23]] ''Domini est terra'' | |''Domine, Deus meus'' | ||
[[Psalm_25|24]] ''Ad te, Domine, levavi'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_26|25]] ''Judica me, Domine'' | |[[Psalm_8|8]] | ||
[[Psalm_27|26]] ''Dominus illuminatio'' | |''Domine, Dominus noster'' | ||
[[Psalm_28|27]] ''Ad te, Domine'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_29|28]] ''Afferte Domino'' | |[[Psalm_9|9]] | ||
[[Psalm_30|29]] ''Exaltabo te, Domine'' | |''Confitebor tibi'' | ||
[[Psalm_31|30]] ''In te, Domine, speravi'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_32|31]] ''Beati quorum'' | |[[Psalm_11|10]] | ||
[[Psalm_33|32]] ''Exultate, justi'' | |''In Domino confido'' | ||
[[Psalm_34|33]] ''Benedicam Domino'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_35|34]] ''Judica, Domine'' | |[[Psalm_12|11]] | ||
[[Psalm_36|35]] ''Dixit injustus'' | |''Salvum me fac'' | ||
[[Psalm_37|36]] ''Noli aemulari'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_38|37]] ''Domine, ne in furore'' | |[[Psalm_13|12]] | ||
[[Psalm_39|38]] ''Dixi, custodiam'' | |''Usque quo, Domine?'' | ||
[[Psalm_40|39]] ''Expectans expectavi'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_41|40]] ''Beatus qui intelligit'' | |[[Psalm_14|13]] | ||
[[Psalm_42|41]] ''Quemadmodum'' | |''Dixit insipiens'' | ||
[[Psalm_43|42]] ''Judica me, Deus'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_44|43]] ''Deus, auribus'' | |[[Psalm_15|14]] | ||
[[Psalm_45|44]] ''Eructavit cor meum'' | |''Domine, quis habitat?'' | ||
[[Psalm_46|45]] ''Deus noster refugium'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_47|46]] ''Omnes gentes, plaudite'' | |[[Psalm_16|15]] | ||
[[Psalm_48|47]] ''Magnus Dominus'' | |''Conserva me, Domine'' | ||
[[Psalm_49|48]] ''Audite haec, omnes'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_50|49]] ''Deus deorum'' | |[[Psalm_17|16]] | ||
[[Psalm_51|50]] ''Miserere mei, Deus'' | |''Exaudi, Domine'' | ||
|- | |||
[[Psalm_52|51]] ''Quid gloriaris?'' | |[[Psalm_18|17]] | ||
[[Psalm_53|52]] ''Dixit insipiens'' | |''Diligam te, Domine'' | ||
[[Psalm_54|53]] ''Deus, in nomine'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_55|54]] ''Exaudi Deus'' | |[[Psalm_19|18]] | ||
[[Psalm_56|55]] ''Miserere mei, Deus'' | |''Caeli enarrant'' | ||
[[Psalm_57|56]] ''Miserere mei, Deus'' | |- | ||
[[Psalm_58|57]] ''Si vere, utique'' | |[[Psalm_20|19]] | ||
[[Psalm_59|58]] ''Eripe me de inimicis'' | |''Exaudiat te Dominus'' | ||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_21|20]] | |||
|''Domine, in virtute tua'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_22|21]] | |||
|''Deus, Deus meus'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_23|22]] | |||
|''Dominus regit me'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_24|23]] | |||
|''Domini est terra'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_25|24]] | |||
|''Ad te, Domine, levavi'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_26|25]] | |||
|''Judica me, Domine'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_27|26]] | |||
|''Dominus illuminatio'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_28|27]] | |||
|''Ad te, Domine, clamabo'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_29|28]] | |||
|''Afferte Domino'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_30|29]] | |||
|''Exaltabo te, Domine'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_31|30]] | |||
|''In te, Domine, speravi'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_32|31]] | |||
|''Beati quorum'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_33|32]] | |||
|''Exultate, justi'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_34|33]] | |||
|''Benedicam Domino'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_35|34]] | |||
|''Judica, Domine'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_36|35]] | |||
|''Dixit injustus'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_37|36]] | |||
|''Noli aemulari'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_38|37]] | |||
|''Domine, ne in furore'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_39|38]] | |||
|''Dixi, custodiam'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_40|39]] | |||
|''Expectans expectavi'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_41|40]] | |||
|''Beatus qui intelligit'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_42|41]] | |||
|''Quemadmodum'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_43|42]] | |||
|''Judica me, Deus'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_44|43]] | |||
|''Deus, auribus'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_45|44]] | |||
|''Eructavit cor meum'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_46|45]] | |||
|''Deus noster refugium'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_47|46]] | |||
|''Omnes gentes, plaudite'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_48|47]] | |||
|''Magnus Dominus'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_49|48]] | |||
|''Audite haec, omnes'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_50|49]] | |||
|''Deus deorum'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_51|50]] | |||
|''Miserere mei, Deus'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_52|51]] | |||
|''Quid gloriaris?'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_53|52]] | |||
|''Dixit insipiens'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_54|53]] | |||
|''Deus, in nomine'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_55|54]] | |||
|''Exaudi Deus'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_56|55]] | |||
|''Miserere mei, Deus'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_57|56]] | |||
|''Miserere mei, Deus'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_58|57]] | |||
|''Si vere, utique'' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Psalm_59|58]] | |||
|''Eripe me de inimicis'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
[[Psalm_60|59]] ''Deus, repulisti nos''<br> | [[Psalm_60|59]] ''Deus, repulisti nos''<br> | ||
[[Psalm_61|60]] ''Exaudi Deus''<br> | [[Psalm_61|60]] ''Exaudi Deus''<br> | ||
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Sícut érat in princípio, et nunc, et sémper, et in saécula sæculórum. Amen. | Sícut érat in princípio, et nunc, et sémper, et in saécula sæculórum. Amen. | ||
Since the addition of the ''Gloria Patri'' is so common not only in Psalms, but in other types of texts, the doxology is often given in abbreviated form; the ending of the chanted psalm tone will be given with an indication of the final six vowels, which appear thus: "E u o u A e". | Since the addition of the ''[[Gloria Patri]]'' is so common not only in Psalms, but in other types of texts, the doxology is often given in abbreviated form; the ending of the chanted psalm tone will be given with an indication of the final six vowels, which appear thus: "E u o u A e". | ||
===Church of England 1662 ''Book of Common Prayer''=== | ===Church of England 1662 ''Book of Common Prayer''=== |
Revision as of 20:20, 19 June 2011
Table of Psalms << Psalm # >> | ||||||||||||||
General information
Spiritual song, originally Hebrew poetry (150 pieces) collected in a prayerbook in the bible: the book of psalms, adopted by the Church and translated in many languages. Musical adaptations in the form of Latin motets are very famous in the Roman Catholic tradition. In the protestant world translation in metrical verse, supplied with special melodies, became typical for the churches in the calvinist tradition. The words were supplied by Clément Marot and Théodore de Bèze and they were set to music by many French Renaissance composers, like Claude Goudimel, Louis Bourgeois, Paschal de L'Estocart and Claude Le Jeune, but also by the more secular oriented Clément Janequin. A special mentioning deserve the early Dutch metrical psalter which uses secular tunes, the Souterliedekens, which were set to music by Jacobus Clemens non Papa.
Note on the different numbering of the Psalms
There is a confusing difference in the numbering of the Psalms. This is caused by the fact that Hieronymus (translator of the bible in Latin, usually called the Vulgata (V), followed the numbering of the Greek translation of the Bible (Septuaginta). Every Psalm in Latin follows this numbering. Protestants and Protestant composers returned to the numbering of the Hebrew Bible (H). Almost all modern bible-editions use the Hebrew numbering.
A résumé of the differences
- Psalms 1-8 (V) = Psalms 1-8 (H)
- Psalm 9 (V) = Psalms 9,10 (H)
- Psalms 10-112 (V) = Psalms 11-113 (H)
- Psalm 113 (V) = Psalms 114,115 (H)
- Psalms 114,115 (V) = Psalm 116 (H)
- Psalms 116-145 (V) = Psalms 117-146 (H)
- Psalms 146,147 (V) = Psalm 147 (H)
- Psalms 148-150 (V) = Psalms 148-150 (H)
tip:
- Except for 1-8 and 148-150 Psalms in Latin have one number less than the modern ones.
- When in the range of 112-116: check the numbering twice
Examples
The famous penitential psalm Miserere mei, Domine is Psalm 50 in the Vulgata, but will be found sub Psalm 51 in any modern bible. Another penitential psalm: De profundis (Psalm 129 in the Vulgata) is Psalm 130 for Protestants (Aus tiefer Not for Germans). A psalm very dear to Protestants like Psalm 116 (f.i. very famous because almost all German composers were invited in the around 1618 to make a musical score of this Psalm (Schütz, Schein, Praetorius) has its counterpart in the Latin Psalms 114 and 115.
Information about performance
It is the custom in some circles, for example among Monks and Nuns, and in the Anglican Communion, in many Cathedrals, to sing the Psalms frequently. Schemes in which the entire Psalter was sung in a day, a week, or a month were common, with the last being perhaps the most common of all. The earliest tradition of singing the Psalms developed may have originated in the Jewish Synagogue or Temple, and evolved into plainsong, in which the Psalm was sung in unison to a Psalm tone, a formula for handling texts with different numbers of syllables and accent patterns. Elaboration of the plainsong Psalm tone, by adding Organum, singing the text and melody in parallel intervals, first octaves, later fifths, (and less commonly other intervals) later developed into complete harmonizations, called Faux-bourdons; these in turn evolved into Anglican chants.
It was the usual practice most places for the Gloria Patri (sometimes called the lesser doxology) to be appended to each Psalm, set of Psalms, sung to the same tone, generally as two "extra" verses of the Psalm.
The Psalter contained in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer (BCP) of the Church of England is very little changed from the Psalter included in the first English Book of Common Prayer in 1549, and generally matches the Latin text most closely in syllable count and accent patterns; when it is necessary to sing an English text to a setting originally intended for a Latin text, the translation from the 1662 BCP is often a good starting point.
The scheme for reading the Psalter in a month, from the 1662 Church of England Book of Common Prayer:
|
|
In months with 31 days, the Psalms of day 30 are repeated.
Gregorian
Types of psalmody
Whereas the choice of psalm texts depends on the liturgical calendar or prescripitions, the choice of reciting tone will depend on various elements:
- the liturgical occasion (office or eucharist)
- timing of the psalm (after a reading, during a liturgical action (introits, for example), in its own right (most of the office)
- the solemnity of the occasion (Sundays vs weekdays, feasts, Holy Week, ...)
- the kind of performance that one seeks (or that is warranted by the occasion):
- direct psalmody - sung by choir or soloist in its entirety (e.g. the various Tractus settings in Lent, or the Canticles of the Paschal vigil)
- antiphonal psalmody - an antiphon or 'refrain' is sung before and after the psalm verse(s), which are performed by a soloist (e.g. the responsoria prolixa from matins, responsory psalms from the mass, Venite adoremus after the invitatory)
- responsorial psalmody, whereby the congregations splits up into 2 halves and alternates between even and uneven verses, thus singing the psalm in its entirety (e.g. most of the office psalms)
Psalm tones
The choice of reciting tone also depends on the mode of the antiphon it follows. Antiphons in 2nd mode will take a reciting tone in the 2nd mode, etc.
Most modes have a number of different tones associated with them, the so-called differentiae (singular: differentia). The main point in using differentiae is to choose one whose final cadence leads to the first note of the antiphon that follows. An overview of the modes with all their differentiae can be found in the Liber Usualis.
A psalm tone consists of 4 elements:
- intonation: a fixed fomula intoning the psalm, taking the melody up to the reciting tone or tenor,
- tenor: sometimes called tuba, the equivalent of our modern dominant, which takes the majority of the verse text,
- mediatio: or suspending cadence, halfway through the verse (marked with an asterisk * in many editions)
- terminatio: or final cadence, ending on one of several possible differentiae.
The most common way to fit text unto a psalm tone is by counting the word stresses. Most tones have a final cadence on either one or two word stresses. Given the variable length of the texts, there are various possibilities to treat these:
- if the accents have the occasional unaccented syllables between them, one or more notes are added to the tone cadence. These are called epenthesis. If they precede the final stress, they are epenthesis intercalata, if they preced the penultimate accent, they are epenthesis anticipata.
- if the portion of text between these syllables is too long for singing comfort, e.g. et de regiónibus congregávit eos (psalm 107), the words stress is abandoned in favour of the cadence.
Antiphons
Anglican
Metrical
Incipits
Vulgate
Latin text
Vulgate numbering. | Incipit |
---|---|
1 | Beatus vir, qui non abiit |
2 | Quare fremuerunt gentes |
3 | Domine, quid multiplicati? |
4 | Cum invocarum |
5 | Verba mea auribus |
6 | Domine, ne in furore |
7 | Domine, Deus meus |
8 | Domine, Dominus noster |
9 | Confitebor tibi |
10 | In Domino confido |
11 | Salvum me fac |
12 | Usque quo, Domine? |
13 | Dixit insipiens |
14 | Domine, quis habitat? |
15 | Conserva me, Domine |
16 | Exaudi, Domine |
17 | Diligam te, Domine |
18 | Caeli enarrant |
19 | Exaudiat te Dominus |
20 | Domine, in virtute tua |
21 | Deus, Deus meus |
22 | Dominus regit me |
23 | Domini est terra |
24 | Ad te, Domine, levavi |
25 | Judica me, Domine |
26 | Dominus illuminatio |
27 | Ad te, Domine, clamabo |
28 | Afferte Domino |
29 | Exaltabo te, Domine |
30 | In te, Domine, speravi |
31 | Beati quorum |
32 | Exultate, justi |
33 | Benedicam Domino |
34 | Judica, Domine |
35 | Dixit injustus |
36 | Noli aemulari |
37 | Domine, ne in furore |
38 | Dixi, custodiam |
39 | Expectans expectavi |
40 | Beatus qui intelligit |
41 | Quemadmodum |
42 | Judica me, Deus |
43 | Deus, auribus |
44 | Eructavit cor meum |
45 | Deus noster refugium |
46 | Omnes gentes, plaudite |
47 | Magnus Dominus |
48 | Audite haec, omnes |
49 | Deus deorum |
50 | Miserere mei, Deus |
51 | Quid gloriaris? |
52 | Dixit insipiens |
53 | Deus, in nomine |
54 | Exaudi Deus |
55 | Miserere mei, Deus |
56 | Miserere mei, Deus |
57 | Si vere, utique |
58 | Eripe me de inimicis |
59 Deus, repulisti nos
60 Exaudi Deus
61 Nonne Deo?
62 Deus, Deus meus
63 Exaudi Deus
64 Te decet hymnus
65 Jubilate Deo
66 Deus misereatur
67 Exurgat Deus
68 Salvum me fac
69 Deus in adjutorium
70 In te, Domine, speravi
71 Deus, judicium
72 Quam bonus Israel
73 Ut quid, Deus?
74 Confitebimur tibi
75 Notus in Judaea
76 Voce mea ad Dominum
77 Attendite, popule
78 Deus, venerunt
79 Qui regis Israel
80 Exultate Deo
81 Deus stetit
82 Deus, quis similis?
83 Quam dilecta
84 Benedixisti, Domine
85 Inclina, Domine
86 Fundamenta ejus
87 Domine Deus
88 Misericordias Domini
89 Domine, refugium
92 Qui habitat
91 Bonum est confiteri
92 Dominus regnavit
93 Deus ultionum
94 Venite, exultemus Domino
95 Cantate Domino
96 Dominus regnavit
97 Cantate Domino
98 Dominus regnavit
99 Jubilate Deo
100 Misericordiam et judicium
101 Domine, exaudi
102 Benedic, anima mea
103 Benedic, anima mea
104 Confitemini Domino
105 Confitemini Domino
106 Confitemini Domino
107 Paratum cor meum
108 Deus laudem
109 Dixit Dominus Domino meo
110 Confitebor tibi Domine
111 Beatus vir
112 Laudate, pueri
113 In exitu Israel
114 Dilexi, quoniam
115 Credidi, propter quod
116 Laudate Dominum
117 Confitemini Domino
118I Beati imaculati
118II Retribue servo tuo
118III Legem pne mihi
118IV Memor esto verbi
118V Bonitatem fecisiti cum
118VI Defecit in salutare
118VII Quomodo dilexi
118VIII Inquos odio habui
118IX Mirabilia testimonia tua
118X Clamavi in toto corde meo
118XI Principes persecuti sunt
119 Ad Dominum
120 Levavi oculos
121 Laetatus sum
122 Ad te levavi oculos meos
123 Nisi quia Dominus
124 Qui confidunt
125 In convertendo
126 Nisi Dominus
127 Beati omnes
128 Saepe expugnaverunt
129 De profundis
130 Domine, non est
131 Memento, Domine
132 Ecce, quam bonum!
133 Ecce nunc
134 Laudate Nomen
135 Confitemini
136 Super flumina
137 Confitebor tibi
138 Domine, probasti
139 Eripe me, Domine
140 Domine, clamavi
141 Voce mea ad Dominum
142 Domine, exaudi
143 Benedictus Dominus
144 Exaltabo te, Deus
145 Lauda, anima mea
146 Laudate Dominum
147 Lauda Jerusalem, Dominum
148 Laudate Dominum
149 Cantate Domino
150 Laudate Dominum
Glória Pátri, et Fílio, et Spirítui Sáncto: Sícut érat in princípio, et nunc, et sémper, et in saécula sæculórum. Amen.
Since the addition of the Gloria Patri is so common not only in Psalms, but in other types of texts, the doxology is often given in abbreviated form; the ending of the chanted psalm tone will be given with an indication of the final six vowels, which appear thus: "E u o u A e".
Church of England 1662 Book of Common Prayer
English text
1 Blessed is the man that hath not walked... 2 Why do the heathen so furiously rage |
87 Her foundations |
Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost: As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen