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Mary's title of <i>stella maris</i> was first proposed by St. Jerome, in his treatise <i>Liber de nominibus hebraicis</i> (probably around AD 390), in which he explains the etymology of Hebrew names. He quotes unidentified sources as explaining the name of Mary as <i>smyrna maris</i>, literally <i>bitterness of the sea</i>. The Hebrew word <i>miriam</i> indeed refers to bitterness - it is explained as such in the anonymous Jewish account <i>The life of Moses</i>. St. Jerome dismisses the 'bitter' etymology, however, and proposes to change her title to <i>stella</i> maris. In order to justify his proposal, he quotes <i>Syrus</i>, most likely his contemporary St. Ephraem Syrus, who had insisted on Mary's status as <i>domina</i> or mistress. | Mary's title of <i>stella maris</i> was first proposed by St. Jerome, in his treatise <i>Liber de nominibus hebraicis</i> (probably around AD 390), in which he explains the etymology of Hebrew names. He quotes unidentified sources as explaining the name of Mary as <i>smyrna maris</i>, literally <i>bitterness of the sea</i>. The Hebrew word <i>miriam</i> indeed refers to bitterness - it is explained as such in the anonymous Jewish account <i>The life of Moses</i>. St. Jerome dismisses the 'bitter' etymology, however, and proposes to change her title to <i>stella</i> maris. In order to justify his proposal, he quotes <i>Syrus</i>, most likely his contemporary St. Ephraem Syrus, who had insisted on Mary's status as <i>domina</i> or mistress. | ||
{{WikipediaLink}} | {{WikipediaLink}} | ||
==Settings by composers== | ==Settings by composers== | ||
{{Top}} | {{Top}} | ||
* | *Anonymous | ||
**[[Ave maris stella (Gregorian chant)|Gregorian chant]] | **[[Ave maris stella (Gregorian chant)|Gregorian chant]] | ||
**[[Ave maris stella I (Anonymous)| | **[[Ave maris stella I (Anonymous)|in style of 19c hymn]] SATB | ||
**[[Ave maris stella II (Anonymous)| | **[[Ave maris stella II (Anonymous)|unidentified ''ars antiqua'' (13c?)]] TTT | ||
**[[Ave maris stella III (Anonymous)| | **[[Ave maris stella III (Anonymous)|Trent 91, 1470's]] STT | ||
**[[Ave maris stella IV (Anonymous)| | **[[Ave maris stella IV (Anonymous)|Trent 88, c. 1460]] TBBB | ||
**[[Ave maris stella V (Anonymous)| | **[[Ave maris stella V (Anonymous)|Trent 89, 1460's]] SATB | ||
**[[Ave maris stella VI (Anonymous)| | **[[Ave maris stella VI (Anonymous)|Trent 89, 1460's]] STB | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Francisco Alcantar)|Francisco Alcantar]] SSA & organ | *[[Ave maris stella (Francisco Alcantar)|Francisco Alcantar]] SSA & organ | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Felice Anerio)|Felice Anerio]] SATB (single verse) | *[[Ave maris stella (Felice Anerio)|Felice Anerio]] SATB (single verse) | ||
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*[[Ave Maris Stella (Mark_Chapman)|Mark Chapman]] SATB (in D) or AABarB (in C) | *[[Ave Maris Stella (Mark_Chapman)|Mark Chapman]] SATB (in D) or AABarB (in C) | ||
*[[Ave maris stella H 67 (Marc-Antoine Charpentier)|Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] (even verses) SATBBB & bc | *[[Ave maris stella H 67 (Marc-Antoine Charpentier)|Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] (even verses) SATBBB & bc | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Giovanni Carlo Maria Clari)|Carlo Maria Clari]] SATB | *[[Ave maris stella (Giovanni Carlo Maria Clari)|Carlo Maria Clari]] SATB, 2 violins, & bc | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Léo Delibes)|Léo Delibes]] SA & organ (vv. 1,3,4) | *[[Ave maris stella (Léo Delibes)|Léo Delibes]] SA & organ (vv. 1,3,4) | ||
*[[ave maris stella/ Virgo singularis (Benedictus Ducis)|Benedictus Ducis]] (complete, in two parts) AATTBB | |||
*[[Ave maris stella (Guillaume Dufay)| Guillaume Dufay]] SAB or STB | *[[Ave maris stella (Guillaume Dufay)| Guillaume Dufay]] SAB or STB | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Sebastián Durón)| Sebastián Durón]] SSAT.SATB & bc | *[[Ave maris stella (Sebastián Durón)| Sebastián Durón]] SSAT.SATB & bc | ||
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*[[Ave maris stella (Mariano Garau)|Mariano Garau]] SAB | *[[Ave maris stella (Mariano Garau)|Mariano Garau]] SAB | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Cristian Gentilini)|Cristian Gentilini]] SATB | *[[Ave maris stella (Cristian Gentilini)|Cristian Gentilini]] SATB | ||
*[[Virgo | *[[Virgo singularis (Charles Gounod)]] unmixed vv. or TTBB, organ ad lib. (verses 5 & 6) | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Edvard Grieg)|Edvard Grieg]] SSAATTBB | *[[Ave maris stella (Edvard Grieg)|Edvard Grieg]] SSAATTBB | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Hans Leo Hassler)|Hans Leo Hassler]] SATB (even verses) | *[[Ave maris stella (Hans Leo Hassler)|Hans Leo Hassler]] SATB (even verses) | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Václav Emanuel Horák)|Václav Emanuel Horák]] SATB & organ | *[[Ave maris stella (Václav Emanuel Horák)|Václav Emanuel Horák]] SATB & organ | ||
*[[Ave maris stella (Jacquet de Mantua)|Jacquet de Mantua]] SATB (vv. 2,4), SATTB (v. 6) | |||
*[[Ave maris stella (Josquin des Prez)| Josquin des Prez]] SATB | *[[Ave maris stella (Josquin des Prez)| Josquin des Prez]] SATB | ||
{{Middle}} | {{Middle}} | ||
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Tribus honor unus. Amen. | Tribus honor unus. Amen. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{mdl|4}} | ||
{{Translation|English| | {{Translation|English| | ||
Hail, star of the sea, | Hail, star of the sea, | ||
loving Mother of God, | loving Mother of God, | ||
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Glory to Christ in the highest, | Glory to Christ in the highest, | ||
To the Holy Spirit, | To the Holy Spirit, | ||
One honor to all three. Amen. | One honor to all three. Amen.}} | ||
}} | {{Translator|Allen H. Simon}} | ||
{{ | {{Mdl|4}} | ||
{{ | |||
{{Translation|German| | {{Translation|German| | ||
Sei gegrüßt, du Stern des Meeres, | Sei gegrüßt, du Stern des Meeres, | ||
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ein Lobpreis sei den dreien. Amen. | ein Lobpreis sei den dreien. Amen. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{mdl|4}} | ||
{{Translation|French| | {{Translation|French| | ||
Salut, étoile de la mer, | Salut, étoile de la mer, | ||
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Honneur égal aux Trois. Amen. | Honneur égal aux Trois. Amen. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{btm}} | ||
{{Translation|Hungarian| | {{Translation|Hungarian| | ||
Tengernek csillaga, | Tengernek csillaga, |
Revision as of 23:06, 27 October 2019
General information
Hymn to the Virgin Mary (8th cent., author anon.)
Liturgical use: Hymn at Vespers on feasts of the Virgin Mary.
Mary's title of stella maris was first proposed by St. Jerome, in his treatise Liber de nominibus hebraicis (probably around AD 390), in which he explains the etymology of Hebrew names. He quotes unidentified sources as explaining the name of Mary as smyrna maris, literally bitterness of the sea. The Hebrew word miriam indeed refers to bitterness - it is explained as such in the anonymous Jewish account The life of Moses. St. Jerome dismisses the 'bitter' etymology, however, and proposes to change her title to stella maris. In order to justify his proposal, he quotes Syrus, most likely his contemporary St. Ephraem Syrus, who had insisted on Mary's status as domina or mistress.
View the Wikipedia article on Ave maris stella.
Settings by composers
Other settings possibly not included in the manual list above
- Anonymous — Ave maris stella 1
- Anonymous — Ave maris stella 2
- Rodrigo de Ceballos — Ave maris stella (even verses)
- Petrus Damiani — Ave maris stella
- Mariano Garau — Ave Maris Stella II
- Iñaki Kareaga — Ave maris stella
Text and translations
Latin text Ave, maris stella, |
English translation Hail, star of the sea,
|
German translation Sei gegrüßt, du Stern des Meeres, |
French translation Salut, étoile de la mer, |
Hungarian translation
Tengernek csillaga,
Isten édesanyja,
üdvözlégy, mindig szűz,
menny boldog kapuja.
Te, kinek Gábriel
ajka mondott Avé-t,
tégy közöttünk békét,
forditsd Éva nevét!
Szabadíts rabokat,
adj fényt a vakoknak,
űzd el bajainkat,
igényeld javunkat.
Mutasd, hogy anyánk vagy!
Hallja meg imádat,
ki értünk fiaddá
születni nem átallt.
Kiváltságos szent Szűz,
mindenek közt enyhe,
oldd fel bűneinket,
enyhíts, tisztíts minket!
Mosd meg életünket,
készíts el utunkat,
hogy örök örömben
lássuk Jézusunkat!
Istennek dicséret,
Krisztusnak dicsőség,
Szentlélekkel együtt
hármas-egy tisztesség!